日粮蛋白质水平对松辽黑仔猪生长性能的影响

选用80±3日龄、体重为22.7±1.1kg的松辽黑仔猪27头,随机分为3个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复3头仔猪。通过测量日增重、日采食量、料肉比、腹泻程度及日粮蛋白质消化率,分析日粮蛋白质水平对松辽黑仔猪生长性能的影响。实验表明,在日采食量方面3组日粮无显著差异。日增重方面,1周和2周时对照组与实验组有差异,在整个实验期3组日粮无显著差异。料肉比方面,1周时对照组与实验组有差异,在整个实验期3组饲料的料肉比无显著差异。腹泻方面,17.7%组和14.7%组的腹泻情况优于对照组。蛋白质消化率方面,1d、2周、3周时对照组与实验组有差异,在整个实验期3组日粮差异不显著。实验表明,当日粮蛋白含量为17.7%时松辽黑仔猪有较低的腹泻率和较好的生长性能及蛋白质消化率,并能较好的体现松辽黑猪的种质特性。     

Low-protein supplement increases protein retention and reduces the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus wasted by rainbow trout fed on low-fat herring

The growth, food utilization and amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus lost into the water by rainbow trout (initial size 485 g) fed on low-fat Baltic herring and supplemented with a low-protein dry diet fed separately were studied in an 18-week net cage trial. Similarly to balancing protein and nonprotein energy in full diets, giving nonprotein energy in different feeds several hours apart improved the protein retention of low-fat herring to a level comparable to a commercially available dry diet control. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus lost into the water were also reduced to the same extent. The losses from the plain herring-feeding were twice as high. The improved protein retention and reduced nutrient losses were accompanied by 15–25% reductions in growth of the fish compared with the control dry diet. The growth of the fish fed on plain herring was 14% lower than the growth on the dry diet control.     

JMPR 农药残留急性膳食摄入量计算方法

农药残留急性膳食风险评估直到最近才引起大家的关注。目前，粮农组织和世界卫生组织农药残留联席会议（JMPR）研究国际范围农药急性膳食风险评估；美国、英国、荷兰、澳大利亚和新西兰也开始进行国家农药急性膳食风险评估。农药急性膳食风险是急性或短期接触毒性与农药急性膳食摄入量的函数。急性膳食接触量评估常用的方法有：定点或确定性方法和概率模型法。在确定性方法中选取食物的大部分人群消耗量和高残留量来计算膳食摄入量，为了解决混合样品中食品个体之间的残留差异，在计算中引入了变异因子。JMPR根据具体情况分为情形1、情形2a、情形2b、情形3来计算农药急性膳食摄入量。中国应该尽快建立健全膳食结构和农产品性状数据库，建立健全市场中农产品的农药残留数据库，并在高毒和中等毒性农药登记前应采用JMPR的确定性方法，进行急性膳食风险评估，提高农药膳食摄入的安全性。     

多功能大豆膳食纤维的应用

开发和利用多功能大豆膳食纤维,促进了膳食纤维食品的迅速发展。介绍了膳食纤维功能、生产工艺和在面包、饼干、面条等食品中的应用。     

In vitro somatic embryogenesis in turf-type bermudagrass: roles of abscisic acid and gibberellic acid, and occurrence of secondary somatic embryogenesis

Bermudagrass is an important warm‐season turfgrass species that is recalcitrant in regeneration in tissue culture. In a previous report, we observed that somatic embryogenesis of immature inflorescence culture was substantially improved when low levels of 2,4‐dichloro‐phenoxy acetic acid (1 mg/l) and 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP, 0.01 mg/l) were included in the callus induction medium. The object of this study was to further improve the culture conditions to enhance somatic embryo formation and plantlet regeneration. It was shown that the abscisic acid supplement (2 or 5 mg/l) to the above callus induction medium further enhanced somatic embryogenesis in hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon×Cynodon transvaalensis) cv. ‘Tifgreen’. The addition of gibberellic acid (0. 2 mg/l) to the BAP (1 mg/l)‐containing regeneration medium accelerated germination/regeneration of the somatic embryos. Secondary and repetitive somatic embryogenesis, which is rarely reported in monocots, was observed in common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon, cv. ‘Savannah’), and a full course of such a development was captured by a periodical microphotography. Scanning electron microscopy further confirmed the observation.     

库尔勒香梨渣制备水溶性膳食纤维的工艺研究

以库尔勒香梨渣为原料,采用化学分离方法,通过单因素试验与正交试验,对制备水溶性膳食纤维的工艺条件进行了系统地研究.结果表明,利用香梨渣提取水溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件是:浸提温度80℃,提取液pH值为2,反应时间90 min,料液比例1∶15.     

响应面法优化残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维提取工艺

以残次哈密大枣为原料,采用酶重量法提取不溶性膳食纤维,在单因素试验的基础上,根据Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计原理,以不溶性膳食纤维得率为响应值,设计三因素三水平响应面分析试验,优化残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维的提取工艺参数,同时建立并分析各个因素与对应变量的数学模型。结果表明,提取残次枣不溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件为:α-淀粉酶添加量0.5%,中性蛋白酶添加量0.6%,液料比27∶1,酶解温度50℃,酶解40 min。在此条件下,残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维得率可达13.04%。     

膳食纤维的生理功能及应用现状

介绍了膳食纤维的定义。系统地阐述了其生理功能和组成,并根据其溶解性和来源不同进行了分类,进一步介绍了膳食纤维的合理摄入量和其应用状况。     

绿豆皮膳食纤维提取的研究

以绿豆皮为原料,采用加碱蒸煮法提取膳食纤维。通过单因素实验、正交实验和验证试验等,对绿豆皮膳食纤维提取率影响较大的浸泡温度、加水量、浸泡时间和碱浓度等因素进行了研究,并确定了最佳条件。实验结果表明,在浸泡温度50℃,液固比为5,浸泡时间9h,NaOH溶液质量分数为1.0%的条件下,绿豆皮膳食纤维的最佳提取率为64.2%。     

日粮阴阳离子和纤维素酶对绵羊血液中生化指标的影响

选体重为38kg左右的永久瘤胃瘘管羊5只,采用5×5拉丁方设计,研究不同水平阴阳离子和纤维素酶对绵羊血液中生化指标的影响。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组1为纤维素酶组(日粮的0.2%),处理组2为DCAB(20mEq/100g DM),处理组3为纤维素酶(日粮的0.2%)+DCAB(20mEq/100g DM),处理组4为纤维素酶(日粮的0.2%)+DCAB(40mEq/100g DM)。试验结果表明:不同水平的阴阳离子和纤维素酶对T3、T4的浓度的影响差异不显著(P>0.05);对胰岛素浓度的影响差异显著,处理组高于对照组(P<0.05);血糖浓度对照组与处理组2差异显著(P<0.05),血液中其他生化指标均在正常生理范围内且组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。本试验结果表明日粮中添加0.2%纤维素酶和DCAB值为0~40mEq/100g DM的阴阳离子没有损害绵羊各组织器官。